Money Makes the World Go Round Essay

Cash Makes the World Go Round Essay Student Submitted Essay †Want our site rendition, call us today! In year 1960, there was a melodic play happened named as â€Å"Cabaret† where this citation â€Å"Money causes the world to go round† presented first. In that play, there was a melody sung by female lead on-screen character where she communicates her adoration and the male entertainer answer with this citation. This line suggests that cash makes the world turn and society exceptionally reliant on target. â€Å"Success† is commonly deciphered as significance material accomplishment; the more the money the more compelling one is. This consolidates the proportion of money one obtains, the kind of auto he drives or the range of his home. The essential importance of the above citation is that without cash world would stop and it is consistent with some degree as without cash individuals can't manage the cost of safe house, nor food. Let’s investigate further, does the cash drives the world as we know it? In the event that you have cash, different choices or entryways gets opened for an individual. The significance of cash turns out to be much increasingly significant when you have zero or no cash. For instance, somebody poor will do anything for cash with the goal that they can in any event satisfy their fundamental needs. Cash engages us to hold up under the expense of a predominant individual fulfillment; more money infers more noteworthy and better vehicles and sumptuous houses, better quality things, better entertainment, etc. Another great position is less concern for taking care of tabs and other family costs. Cash may in like manner empower a man to seek after their dreams, for example a man who needs to achieve propelled instruction will be not able to do it without cash. The above citation was clarified in different places, for example, in one of the Charles Dickens epic â€Å"A Christmas Carol† where it clarified how love was pushed aside in view of the cash. In that novel one youngster cherishes the young lady and guaranteed that he will be with her in every case except young lady picks the slanted businessperson over that young men love in view of cash. The specialist has parcel of cash through which that young lady can purchase all the extravagances of the life. In any case, starting late everyone has pushed toward turning out to be usage organized. We have to buy whatever is new and accessible and gets our bit of leeway and we are falling prey to the charming packaging and commercials of a thing. As such we buy things that we have little prerequisite for which in this manner benefits. Another model for this citation is from book â€Å"the Great Gatsby† which was composed by F.Scott Fitzgerald. In that book writer referenced what was the effect of cash on Gatsby as he cherishes one young lady a great deal however incapable to talk as she was rich and affluent. This expresses cash remembers for every part of the live and it reflects in the individual peculiarity and voice. There are different cases where well off individuals feel that due to cash they can regard others as slaves and can do anything with them. Therefore we can presume that because of cash individual gets capacity to deal with everything and others live. Another period of cash is that it very well may be a helper which impacts the movement of human from legislative issues to geographical investigation. The avarice of the cash makes the individual abhorrence, cash isn't underhanded. From different contentions I feel that it’s not cash that drives everything and everyone it’s us who made the cash as beast and allowed it with the goal that it can control and assume control over the lives of the individual. Regardless of the way that cash has scarcely any criticalness in the lives as each piece of the lives turns around the cash, yet if we endeavored to be content with some we may not confront those sort of dependence. The combination of the things that are faced makes it outstandingly problematic for us to get content with what they have. We individuals brought in cash over our bliss and lives. Because of this cash never finishing interest made society narrow minded. Individuals used to overlook that with cash there are things which we can't accepting, for example, feelings, joy, fellowship, sharing and some more. One of the Chinese axioms clarifies it incredibly saying that cash can purchase a house however can't make it a home. Cash can't accepting great life, regard, and wellbeing, rest and time information. It can purchase just the materialistic things however not the feelings or emotions. An individual has part of cash in his/her bank sum yet at the same time be poor as he/she isn't fulfilled or not content in their lives. This idea can be upheld by a little and sweet story in â€Å"A Christmas memory† by creator Truman Capote. The story depends on a youngster who didn’t get anything on Christmas separated from kite and some worn outs and distributed yet that kid is fulfilled and appreciate the day with the kite. In a similar book there was another model where a family was given bunches of cash to purchase another Christmas tree yet they declined it as they joined with their old Christmas tree and need to commend the celebration with that as it were. The over two models mirrors that the fulfillment and happiness are significant or more cash. Individuals used to feel that to become achievement we ought to have cash while achievement depends on 8 elements: network, monetary, profound, profession, family, individual needs and wellbeing. Subsequently to become effective you need to get all the over 8 variables and not simply money related security. There are numerous situations where a well off individual can't get great wellbeing and passed on and all his riches are not adequate to make him live. Along these lines, it would straightaway be able to state that all the riches isn't adequate to spare the live and it will be deserted after the individual. The main thing which will be recollected are the acceptable deeds, great conduct and the words an individual expresses. On the off chance that you need us to change or need references for this Essay, it would be ideal if you connect with us today. Cash Makes the World Go Round Essay Cash Makes the World Go Round Essay Student Submitted Essay †Want our site rendition, call us today! In year 1960, there was a melodic play happened named as â€Å"Cabaret† where this citation â€Å"Money causes the world to go round† presented first. In that play, there was a tune sung by female lead entertainer where she communicates her adoration and the male on-screen character answer with this citation. This line suggests that cash makes the world turn and society profoundly reliant on target. â€Å"Success† is commonly deciphered as importance material accomplishment; the more the money the more compelling one is. This fuses the proportion of money one secures, the kind of auto he drives or the range of his home. The essential significance of the above citation is that without cash world would stop and it is consistent with some degree as without cash individuals can't manage the cost of haven, nor food. Let’s investigate further, does the cash drives the world as we know it? In the event that you have cash, different alternatives or entryways gets opened for an individual. The significance of cash turns out to be considerably increasingly significant when you have zero or no cash. For instance, somebody poor will do anything for cash with the goal that they can in any event satisfy their essential needs. Cash engages us to tolerate the expense of a prevalent individual fulfillment; more money infers more noteworthy and better vehicles and rich houses, better quality things, better delight, etc. Another good position is less concern for taking care of tabs and other family costs. Cash may in like manner empower a man to seek after their dreams, for example a man who needs to achieve propelled training will be not able to do it without cash. The above citation was clarified in different places, for example, in one of the Charles Dickens epic â€Å"A Christmas Carol† where it clarified how love was pushed aside as a result of the cash. In that novel one youngster adores the young lady and guaranteed that he will be with her in every case except young lady picks the screwy specialist over that young men love on account of cash. The agent has parcel of cash through which that young lady can purchase all the extravagances of the life. In any case, starting late everyone has pushed toward turning out to be usage orchestrated. We have to buy whatever is new and accessible and gets our favorable position and we are falling prey to the charming packaging and commercials of a thing. As such we buy things that we have little necessity for which in this way benefits. Another model for this citation is from book â€Å"the Great Gatsby† which was composed by F.Scott Fitzgerald. In that book writer referenced what was the effect of cash on Gatsby as he cherishes one young lady a ton yet unfit to talk as she was extremely rich and affluent. This expresses cash remembers for every part of the live and it reflects in the individual characteristic and voice. There are different occurrences where well off individuals imagine that in light of cash they can regard others as slaves and can do anything with them. Therefore we can presume that because of cash individual gets capacity to deal with everything and others live. Another period of cash is that it very well may be a spark which impacts the movement of human from governmental issues to land investigation. The avarice of the cash makes the individual abhorrence, cash isn't detestable. From different contentions I believe that it’s not cash that makes life as we know it possible it’s us who made the cash as beast and allowed it with the goal that it can control and assume control over the lives of the individual. Regardless of the way that cash has barely any noteworthiness in the lives as each piece of the lives turns around the cash, yet if we endeavored to be content with some we may not confront those kind of dependence. The grouping of the things that are stood up to makes it especially irksome for us to get content with what they have. We individuals brought in cash over our satisfaction and lives. Because of this cash never finishing interest made society extremely egotistical. Individuals used to overlook that with cash there are things which we can't accepting, for example, feelings, joy, harmony, sharing and some more. One

Current LSAT Score Percentiles

Current LSAT Score Percentiles Have significantly more LSAT score questions? Here are the LSAT Score FAQs - with answers!  On the off chance that youve recovered your LSAT score report, you may have seen that under the LSAT Score Data area, theres a percentile positioning dependent on your score. Numerous individuals have no clue what this little number truly implies! In the event that youre one of them, heres your LSAT score percentile clarification, alongside an outline depicting every one of the score percentiles dependent on analyzers from June 2010 †February 2013. For what reason Should I Care About My LSAT Score Percentile? Truly, how well youve fared on the LSAT contrasted with others whove stepped through the exam during your organization isnt the main thing you ought to be worried about. Indeed, your LSAT score is only one of numerous things that will be assessed to settle on confirmations choices about you. Things like the accompanying properties recorded by LSAC are likewise thought of: Undergrad GPAUndergraduate course of studyGraduate work, if anyCollege attendedImprovement in evaluations and grade distributionCollege curricular and extracurricular activitiesEthnic/racial foundation LSAT Scores By Gender and Ethnicity Individual character and personalityLetters of proposal/evaluationsWriting skillsPersonal proclamation or essayWork experience or other postundergraduate experiencesCommunity activitiesMotivation to read and explanations behind choosing to consider lawState of residencyObstacles that have been overcomePast achievements and leadershipAnything else that hangs out in an application Be that as it may, your LSAT score is a methods with which to contrast you with different understudies on a fundamentally the same as scale. Everything else about you is extraordinary! Your LSAT score, inside a specific level of factual dependability, can be relied on to give a fair gander at how you perform on intelligent, explanatory, and perusing perception questions. Whats a decent LSAT score for a portion of the top schools in the nation? LSAT Score Percentiles Explanation At the point when you get your LSAT score report (they for the most part come around three weeks after youve tried by means of email on the off chance that you have a LSAC.org record and a month through snail mail on the off chance that you dont), at that point youll see an area called your LSAT Score Data segment. In this segment, youll see data for each time youve sat for the LSAT in the previous five years. Your LSAT scores, your score percentile positions, the dates youve taken the LSAT, and your LSAT score groups, which are essentially the extents wherein you scored, will be accounted for all of your test dates. On the off chance that youve taken the LSAT more than once, youll see a normal LSAT score revealed dependent on all of your exhibitions, as well. Lets state that the percentile rank recorded for the test you took in June was a 83%. Your score was a 161. That rate implies that you scored higher than 83% of the test-takers who sat for the June test. Another perspective on is that youre in the top 17% of analyzers for that organization. LSAT Score Percentile Chart for June 2010 †February 2013 Beneath, youll locate the normal score percentiles for each analyzer who took the LSAT between the dates recorded previously. Its supportive to contrast your current LSAT score report with this rundown to perceive how you fit into a bigger pool of analyzers. The scaled score is inclined to one side and the percentile score is leaned to one side. 180: 99.9%179: 99.9%178: 99.9%177: 99.8%176: 99.7%175: 99.5%174: 99.3%173: 99.0%172: 98.6%171: 98.2%170: 97.4%169: 96.6%168: 95.8%167: 94.5%166: 93.2%165: 91.5%164: 89.9%163: 87.7%162: 85.3%161: 83.0%160: 80.3%159: 77.2%158: 73.7%157: 70.8%156: 66.9%155: 63.4%154: 60.2%153: 56.0%152: 51.6%151: 47.8%150: 44.4%149: 40.3%148: 36.8%147: 33.5%146: 30.0%145: 26.7%144: 23.7%143: 20.5%142: 18.1%141: 15.8%140: 13.4%139: 11.6%138: 9.7%137: 8.5%136: 6.9%135: 5.9%134: 4.8%133: 3.9%132: 3.2%131: 2.6%130: 2.1%129: 1.7%128: 1.3%127: 1.1%126: 0.8%125: 0.7%124: 0.5%123: 0.4%122: 0.3%121: 0.3%120: 0.0%

Post-Finals, Pre-Graduation

Post-Finals, Pre-Graduation At MIT, there are two weeks between the last day of finals and commencement. The second of those two weeks is called Senior Week: the class council for the years graduating class buys a whole bunch of group tickets to activities like skydiving or a Red Sox game, and the rest of us lottery in for tickets. The website is here, in case youre curious and want to see this years full event listing. I only had two final exams this year (although a lot of my senior friends had ZERO finalsbooooooooooooooo!!!) so I was done by Wednesday of finals week. That evening, I went with the Arts Scholars to see The Tempest at the American Repertory Theater (ART) in Cambridge. Teller of Penn Teller (a famous magician duo) was one of the shows co-directors, and went all out: Ariel (if youre not familiar with The Tempest, Ariel is a little spirit bound to serve the main character, Prospero) was an incredible magician himself and very good at card throwing. Large objects appeared out of nowhere, people were lifted into the air by invisible ropes or on invisible platforms (I still have no idea) and bodies contorted (mirrors?) The next day, a few friends and I rented a car and drove the ~2 hours to Cape Cod. It was cold and rainy but we had a blast anyway it was just nice to be off-campus and away from a computer so that I couldnt sit in my room refreshing Stellar*. Here are some pictures: *The Stellar website is where final grades appear. If you become an MIT student, you will probablylearn to obsessively refresh Stellar. (From left to right: Adam 15, Xiaoyue 15, me, Michelle 14, Emma 14) The day after that, I went to a Boston Pops concert  and two days after that  a different group of friends and I rented another car and drove to Montréal. Its a 5-hour drive if you take a straight shot, but we decided to stop at my friend Cams house in Vermont so the trip there took 6 hours instead. On the way back we stopped for a tour of the Ben Jerrys factory and got to sample a new mint fudge flavor that hasnt hit the shelves yet. The new flavor has my approval, in case anybody is wondering. Heres a picture of 4/5 of us climbing a sculpture: And scenes of the Old Town: (From left to right: me, Sophie 14, Lisa 17, Brynna 17, Cam 13) Here are some of the things I ate: I tried poutine as well and have to admit that I was not a big fan. On our second (and last; it was a short trip) day, we spent the morning walking up Mount Royal and the afternoon at the botanical gardens. The view from the top of Mount Royal: And the botanical gardens: aaaaaand finally, two days ago, I took a break from packing (how did I accumulate so much stuff? HOW?) and went hiking in the White Mountains, a ~2h45m drive away. On the way, we stopped in the very quaint (and very small) town of Canterbury, New Hampshire, and ate bagel bites in the country store (which advertised selling worms and crawlers): We hiked up to the summit of Mount Pemigewasset. It was high enough that a few dozen feet from the summit, the deciduous foliage morphed into conifers, the humidity morphed into cool dry air, the mud puddles morphed into bare rock, and the bugs disappeared. The views were pretty spectacular: aaaaand now its Thursday of graduation week. I picked up my regalia (cap and gown) from the Coop yesterday. Its hanging outside my closet in a (probably vain) attempt to get the wrinkles out. In 45 minutes my parents are coming to take me and my sister to lunch. Im half-convinced that any minute now Im going to get a call or an e-mail that says oops, sorry, you cant graduate because you forgot this or that requirement. Or maybe when Im walking across the stage to pick up my diploma, President Reif will say wait, who are you? we dont have a diploma for you. do you even go here? Or maybe in a little over 24 hours Ill actually have a piece of paper that says that I have received a B.S. in Physics.

My Love Affair With Computers - 1100 Words

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As I grew up, I observed that Computers find their application in a wide range of fields from high end devices in large scale industries to the smallest appliances used in homes; practically everything can be controlled by computers. So naturally when it came to picking the subject of my choice at undergraduate level, I picked Computer Science as my field of study. During my under graduation, I was exposed to subjects such as Software Engineering, Microprocessor Interfacing and Computer Network. While software engineering cleared my concepts and understanding of the actual software term, computer networks helped me understand howShow MoreRelatedTechnology Is The Reason Why The World Turns Essay1216 Words   |  5 Pagesrequire a computer are easier. The first computer, the birth of the internet, and the history of the first transportable devices are reasons there are many more jobs today and how jobs can be completed more efficiently. 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Causes of the American Civil War - 2672 Words

The American Civil War: Causes, Victor, and Validity Keagan Koerber History 205 Professor Childress December 9, 2014 The slightest mention of the American Civil War is enough to bring graphic and often horrifying images into one’s head: mountains of dead soldiers, amputations without anesthesia, and diseases running rampant. The Civil War was a war that no one wished for, it resulted in the deaths of several hundred thousand American lives, but it is often justified by its end result, which was the abolition of slavery. But could the Civil War have been avoided? The tensions between the North and South started with their divergent socioeconomic standings. The North was more industrial, with its economy relying on†¦show more content†¦So Douglas introduced the Kansas-Nebraska Act to Congress, which created both the Kansas and Nebraska territories. The bill came under harsh criticism from Southerners who feared that both the territories would become free states, so in order to appease them Douglas proposed that Congress repeal the Wilmot Proviso, which was the part of the Missouri Com promise of 1820 that set the border of slavery at thirty-six degrees, thirty minutes north. But by adding that he angered Northerners who wanted to contain slavery in the South. This split the nation, with Congressmen voting based on their regional ties rather than with their affiliated party. Douglas managed to pass the Act despite this fierce sectionalism. By 1855 the Whig party broke apart, the Northern Whigs formed the Republican party, which was a conglomeration of parties whose main goal was to abolition slavery. The Southern Whigs joined the Democrats, who were Southerners and wanted to keep slavery. 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The main causes that resulted in the Civil War were the issue of nullification, tariffs, but most importantly just an overall difference in their waysRead MoreMajor Cause Of The American Civil War1224 Words   |  5 PagesMAJOR CAUSES OF THE AMERICAN CIVIL WAR I. Introduction to Civil War The American Civil War was a war within the United States of America fought by the North (Union) and the South (Confederacy) starting from 1861 and ending in 1865. This war was one of the most devastating events in American history, consuming more than 600,000 lives. It was thought to be one that molded the character of the American individual today. This war was seen as a War for Southern Independence or War of Rebellion for the

Cultural Considerations in Moral and Ethical Reasoning Free Essays

Cultural considerations in moral and ethical reasoning The sound development of moral reasoning and ethics is an integral part of the growth and maturation of a healthy and productive human being. Without morals and ethics, a person cannot exist within society’s boundaries and would be doomed to be forever barred from its hallowed walls for as long as that person did not conform to the societal norms of having the ability to morally reason and implement a set of ethics. But morals and ethics, as necessary as they are, are relative and not absolute (Brink, 1989). We will write a custom essay sample on Cultural Considerations in Moral and Ethical Reasoning or any similar topic only for you Order Now This means that what a particular society constitutes as moral behavior is actually very much like beauty and in the eye of the beholder. The society in which an individual grows up in and is a member of dictates the type of societal rules that must be accepted as part of the price of membership. However, it does not take into account the various cultural differences that must affect which ethics and morals are adhered to in a particular place. Ethics are generally defined as the principles of morally acceptable conduct of individuals, and a person’s belief about right and wrong behaviors (Cosmides amp; Tooby, 2004). It is evident however, that the difference in cultures around the world make it quite clear that moral reasoning and ethics are directly influenced by the cultures in which they are developed (Boyd amp; Richerson, 2005). Behavior that is unacceptable in the U. S. is perfectly acceptable elsewhere in the world. For example, polygamy is accepted in most African societies, and even encouraged, but in the U. S. it is not only considered morally reprehensible, but also criminal. Homosexuality is accepted and even celebrated in the U. S. et woe betides the person trying to engage in this behavior in the Middle East, where it is considered a moral abomination (Haidt amp; Hersh, 2001). It is clear that there is no universal standard for moral reasoning not with culture, religion, and even environment playing roles in how it will occur (Wright, 1994). Therefore, it is of utmost importance to teach developing humans how to evaluate critically their own views on morality and that of others in order to preserve a balance in their world view no matter where they are. They must be taught an openness that allows for them to discuss omfortably moral matters with many types of people in order to gain a clearer picture of the world. By honing reasoning skills one can better evaluate ethical and moral statements or judgments (Gigerenzer amp; Goldstein, 1996) and this will help to describe the negatives and the positives of a situation and ultimately take us a step closer to understanding our world and the various subsets of which it is made up of. References Boyd R. , amp; Richerson, P. J. (2005). The origin and evolution of cultures. New York: Oxford University Press. Brink, D. (1989). Moral realism and the foundations of ethics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Cosmides, L. , amp; Tooby, J. (2000). Knowing thyself: The evolutionary psychology of moral reasoning and moral sentiments. Unpublished manuscript. Gigerenzer, G. (2004). Fast and frugal heuristics: The tools of bounded rationality. In D. Koehler amp; N. Harvey (Eds), Handbook of judgment and decision making (pp. 62-68). Oxford: Blackwell. Haidt, J. , amp;Joseph, C. (2004). Sexual morality: The cultures and reasons of liberals and conservatives. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 31 191-221. Wright, R. (1994). The moral animal: Why we are the way we are. New York: Pantheon. How to cite Cultural Considerations in Moral and Ethical Reasoning, Papers

Influence of Formal Cultural System on Ethics

Introduction Ethics in workplace is a leadership issue that has raised concerns in the recent past. An organization depends on its employees in order to achieve its desired results. In order to do this, employees must be ethical in their actions and ensure that they work as per the expectations that are stipulated by the management.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Influence of Formal Cultural System on Ethics specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to McCarthy Eastman (2010, p. 25), ethics refers to a standard behavior that is acceptable within a given setting. These scholars say that although ethics may be considered as being universal, there are some cases where ethics may differ. This means that what one organization considers as ethical behavior may be unethical in another organization. Besides the need to motivate employees, one of the most important issues that a manager always tries to inculcate on the ir employees is ethics. When employees embrace ethical behavior, they can follow instruction given without any deviation (Taborda 2011, p. 87). Through ethics, employees will stay away from such unethical practices as pilferage that affects a firm negatively. Customer service also needs ethics in order to ensure that customers are served in a satisfactory and respectful manner. There has been an argument of how best ethics can be inculcated among employees. According to Daft (2009, p. 41), ethics is not something that can be forced into an employee. It is fear that can be generated when the management decides to use punitive measures against those employees who go against the set laws. However, Bird (2007, p. 220) says that fear is not a form of ethics, because when this fear is eliminated, then such an employee would be involved in unethical behavior with impunity. Eliminating fear at workplace can be an easy task for regular employees. They only need to understand the system and c hannels through which their unethical behavior can be detected. Once this is clear, then they can easily avoid paths that may make them prone to being caught. As Sharma (2008, p. 55) says, ethics is something that should be in the mind of people. It should be a responsibility of the person. It is because of this that the researcher is interested in determining the influence of formal cultural systems on promotion of ethics.Advertising Looking for essay on ethics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Discussion Arguments about Formal Cultural System According to Sirkin, Keenan and Jackson (2005, p. 67), organizational culture is gaining popularity at a very fast rate in the current corporate world. The competition in the corporate world has become very stiff, and many firms are trying to find a way of making their products unique in the market. To achieve this, many firms have realized that the best thing to do is to develop a cultu re that is unique to itself. Organizational culture refers to the practices and the general conduct that all members of the organization are expected of when dealing with members of the organization and with customers (DeAnne, Gary, Hyde Tipping 2004, p. 78). It also involves the manner in which employees will address any task assigned to them, and how they should relate to the environment. The main reason why firms are always keen on developing organizational culture is to develop a system that would enable employees work without feeling that they are forced with instruction. It creates an environment where employees understand their responsibilities and appreciates the importance of accomplishing the assigned tasks without close monitoring. It also eliminates constant supervision from the top management. Kratschmer (2011, p. 26) says that employees always deliver more when they are allowed to work without feeling intimidated. Supervision creates this intimidation, and the output of an employee is always very poor when they work under such intimidation. However, Basslin (1990, p. 78) says that employees cannot be allowed to work without any close monitoring in order to ensure that they are within the right track. For a long time, managements struggled with the idea of finding the best way to monitor activities of employees without making them realize that they were being monitored. This was not an easy task until some scholars came up with organizational culture. This culture allows managers to make employees not only understand what they are expected to do but also memorize all the procedures involved in handling the tasks and how to make relevant report. Organizational culture enables the management to ensure that employees work as expected without any direct supervision. It also helps in creating responsibility among the employees.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Influence of Formal Cultural System on Ethics specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The culture will always make employees understand that the organization is a system. In this system, they are the individual drivers that must work together in order to make this system run. The employees will understand their position within the system, and the possible consequence that the system may be subjected to when they fail to do their part. They will therefore, feel responsible, as they would need to help this system achieve its objectives by constantly delivering their input. To the management, their task will be reduced to finding ways of improving service delivery of the system and ensuring that the employees are constantly motivated. This culture must be made formal. According to Bardes, Mayer and Piccolo (2008, p. 185), it is not advisable for an organization to develop a good organizational culture and fail to make it formal. This is because when this culture is made formal all the employees would have the mor al authority to follow it. They will also find it challenging to ignore this culture because it is legally binding. When this culture is made formal, all members of the organization would feel that all actions done in spirit of the culture would yield good results that would be acceptable. It would be very interesting to understand the relationship between formal cultural system and ethics within the organization. To do this, the researcher will try to answer the question below. Is the formal cultural system within a firm the most important favor in creating an ethical workplace? To respond to this question, it would require an analysis into the available literature about this topic. Researchers have conducted various empirical studies in order to determine if formal cultural system within a firm is the most important favor in creating an ethical workplace. Ideas and Assertion about Influence of Formal Cultural System on Ethics In the above section, the researcher has created a deta iled insight into what a formal cultural system is. It is also clear from the above section that term ethics is defined as behavioral standards that are acceptable within the system. Of interest now would be to determine how formal cultural system would influence ethics within a firm.Advertising Looking for essay on ethics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More According to Baekdal, Hansen, Todbjerg and Mikkelsen (2006, p. 57), ethics and organizational culture has close relationship. This scholar says that when developing an organizational culture, the management would try to ensure that they set a culture that is conscious of the expected ethics. This scholar says that when developing the culture, the management would first determine all the ethical issues that are relevant within the organization. After determining this, these ethical issues will be intertwined with the culture. This argument is supported by Goolnik (2006, p. 65) who says that when developing an organizational culture, the most important thing that the management has to consider is the relevant ethical issues. When the employees adopt a culture within the organization, it should be that which is within the ethical considerations. Bass (1985, p. 47) gives a new insight into the relationship between formal cultural system and ethics. This scholar says that it is not possi ble to separate ethics from formal cultural practice because cultural practice in itself is expected to be formal. When an organization develops a formal cultural system that is not conscious to ethics, it would be nearly impossible to inculcate ethics within the organization, because these two forces should be modified in a way that they will pull together. In case there is a moment they are allowed to pull in different directions, the one which is considered easier to achieve by employees would be followed. Avolio and Yammarino (2008, p.67) on the other hand, think that the argument given by this scholar is partly true, but lacks some practical insights. These scholars say that it is true that ethics and organizational culture are inter-twined. However, this scholar says that there is no moment that the management would develop a culture that is unethical because they stand to bear the consequence. The scholars also reiterate that it is practically impossible for an organization t o capture all ethical issues in its organizational culture. However, a scholar thinks that the only thing that a firm can do is to develop a system that would show the employees the right path to follow when handling various activities with a leeway of making personal decisions that are considered ethical. This means that the management can only create a culture that offers guideline towards ethical behavior. Ethics may not be easily achieved in the workplace unless the members understand that it is needed to ensure sustainability and development for everyone. Banutu (2004, p. 150) argues McGregor’s Theory Y. He says that employees can be self-motivated to deliver the expected results as long as they are provided with an environment that supports this. To this extend, the best way of promoting ethics within an organization is to create a formal cultural system that will create a good environment for employees to work without direct supervision. When this is realized, employee s will develop a sense of responsibility in whatever activity they are engaged in. This would lead to a need to act ethically when undertaking various assignments. This means that formal cultural system would be creating an environment for employees within a firm to act ethically. Given that the cultural system is formal, they will know that their actions are legally binding and would therefore, feel protected for every ethical decision they make which is in line with the cultural system. This means that employees will not need to make constant referrals to higher authorities when they are subjected to issues that are new to them but within their jurisdiction. The guiding principle would be clear based on the formal cultural system upon which the organization runs. This system would therefore, promote ethical behavior from the perspective that this would bring benefits to the individual and to the organization. Pros and Corns of Using Formal Cultural System to Promote Ethics Accordi ng to Devis (2008, p. 46), formal cultural system will always promote ethics, but this works from McGregor’s Theory X perspective. This scholar says that given opportunity, employees would want to spend a lot of time in leisure because naturally, a human being hates work. This means that when there is no tight system put in place to monitor their activities and behavior, then they will tend to avoid their duties, involve in activities that would give them quick effortless gains such as corruption and other activities that are detrimental to the success of the organization they are working. This scholar also agrees with the fact that when forced to work under direct supervision, employees would always feel a lot of pressure that may lower their final output. This means that management must find a way of making employees deliver good results and work ethically without feeling this pressure. To achieve ethics in this context, Armstrong (2001, p. 45) says that formal cultural sys tem would be beneficial. To this extent, the scholar says that the system should be developed to make employees realize that they have responsibility to be ethical in their actions. However, Anderson (2011, p. 89) warns that this system should not be punitive in nature. The employees should not feel that the system is set to give punishment at the slightest misstep because it would make them work under pressure, and this affects their productivity. The system should make them understand that while in this organization, there is a manner in which every activity in done and any contravention to the laid principles would result into negative consequences to the organization. Being part of the organization, any negative effect to the organization would automatically affect the individual negatively (Wilson 1992, p. 97). This system will be acting as an agent that would deter an unethical act. The moment an individual is faced with the temptation to engage in unethical act, the system wo uld be a constant reminder of both the short term and long-term consequences of such acts. This would be a way of promoting ethics in the workplace, but from the perspective of the possible consequences. Conclusion and Recommendations The above discussion has demonstrated that formal cultural system is the best way through which an organization can ensure that there is ethics at the workplace. One of the best ways of ensuring that employees work ethically within the workplace is to ensure that there is constant supervision from the management. However, in the current competitive world, no organization can afford to hire such a large number of employees whose work will just be supervision. Organizations are growing learner in terms of the number of employees and therefore, every employee would have a specific task other within the firm with a few top management individuals responsible for making policies and supervisory work. Researchers have also confirmed that when employees work u nder direct supervision, their output is reduced. This makes formal cultural system the efficient tool in promoting ethics within an organization. Whether it is taken from the perspective of Theory X or Theory Y, the fact is that this system can help promote ethics at workplace. It is therefore, recommended that leaders use formal cultural system to promote ethics. List of References Anderson, M 2011, Bottom-Line Organization Development: Implementing and Evaluating Strategic Change for Lasting Value, Elsevier, Burlington. Armstrong, S 2001, ‘Are you a â€Å"transformational† coach?’ Journal of Physical Education, Recreation, and Dance, vol. 72, no. 3, pp. 44-47. Avolio, B Yammarino, F 2008, Transformational and charismatic leadership: The road ahead. Emerald Group Publishing Limited, United Kingdom. Baekdal, T, Hansen, K, Todbjerg L Mikkelsen, H 2006, â€Å"Handle change management projects more effectively† Change Management Handbook, vol. 1, no. 27, p p. 7-57. Banutu, M 2004, ‘Great leaders teach exemplary followership and serve as servant leaders’, Journal of American Academy of Business, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 143-151, via EBSCOhost Library database. Bardes, M, Mayer, D Piccolo, R 2008, ‘Do servant-leaders help satisfy follower needs? An organizational justice perspective’, European Journal of Work and Organizational Psycholog, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 180-197, via EBSCOhost Library database. Bass, B 1985, Leadership and performance beyond expectations, Free Press, New York. Basslin, B 1990, Stogdill’s handbook of leadership: theory, research and managerial applications, Free Press, New York. Bird, A 2007, ‘Team structure and success as related to cohesiveness and leadership’, Journal of Social Psychology, vol. 103, no. 2, pp. 217-223, via EBSCOhost Library database. Daft, R 2009, Organization Theory and Design, Cengage Learning, New York. DeAnne, A, Gary, N, Hyde, P Tipping, A 2004, Ten G uiding Principles Of Change Management, Booz Company, New York. Devis, J 2008, Ethics in the Workplace, John Wiley and Sons, New Jersey. Goolnik, G 2006, â€Å"Effective Change Management Strategies for Embedding Online Learning within Higher Education and Enabling the Effective Continuing Professional Development of its Academic Staff†, Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education-TOJDE, vol. 7, no. 1, pp 10-78. Kratschmer, P 2011, Organizational Culture is Highly Resistant to Change: Discuss, GRIN Verlag, New York. McCarthy, C Eastman, D 2010, â€Å"Change Management Strategies for an Effective EMR Implementation,† Healthcare Information and Management Systems Society, vol. 1, no. 39, pp 20-41. Sharma, R 2008, Change Management, Tata McGraw-Hill Education, New Delhi. Sirkin, H Keenan, P Jackson, A 2005, â€Å"The Hard Side of Change Management†, Harvard Business Review, vol. 3, no. 4, pp 1-18. Taborda, L 2011, Enterprise Release Management: Agile Delivery o f a Strategic Change Portfolio, Artech House, New York. Wilson, D 1992, A Strategy of Change: Concepts and Controversies in the Management of Change, Cengage Learning, London. This essay on Influence of Formal Cultural System on Ethics was written and submitted by user Allie Frost to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Cobalt Facts and Physical Properties

Cobalt Facts and Physical Properties Atomic Number: 27 Symbol: Co Atomic Weight: 58.9332 Discovery: George Brandt, circa 1735, maybe 1739 (Sweden) Electron Configuration: [Ar] 4s2 3d7 Word Origin: German Kobald: evil spirit or goblin; Greek cobalos: mine Isotopes: Twenty-six isotopes of cobalt ranging from Co-50 to Co-75. Co-59 is the only stable isotope. Properties Cobalt has a melting point of 1495Â °C, boiling point of 2870Â °C, specific gravity of 8.9 (20Â °C), with a valence of 2 or 3. Cobalt is a hard, brittle metal. It is similar in appearance to iron and nickel. Cobalt has a magnetic permeability around 2/3 that of iron. Cobalt is found as a mixture of two allotropes over a wide temperature range. The b-form is dominant at temperatures under 400Â °C, while the a-form predominates at higher temperatures. Uses Cobalt forms many useful alloys. It is alloyed with iron, nickel, and other metals to form Alnico, an alloy with exceptional magnetic strength. Cobalt, chromium, and tungsten may be alloyed to form Stellite, which is used for high-temperature, high-speed cutting tools and dies. Cobalt is used in magnet steels and stainless steels. It is used in electroplating because of its hardness and resistance to oxidation. Cobalt salts are used to impart permanent brilliant blue colors to glass, pottery, enamels, tiles, and porcelain. Cobalt is used to make Sevres and Thenards blue. A cobalt chloride solution is used to make a sympathetic ink. Cobalt is essential for nutrition in many animals. Cobalt-60 is an important gamma source, tracer, and radiotherapeutic agent. Sources: Cobalt is found in the minerals cobaltite, erythrite, and smaltite. It is commonly associated with ores of iron, nickel, silver, lead, and copper. Cobalt is also found in meteorites. Element Classification: Transition Metal Cobalt Physical Data Density (g/cc): 8.9 Melting Point (K): 1768 Boiling Point (K): 3143 Appearance: Hard, ductile, lustrous bluish-gray metal Atomic Radius (pm): 125 Atomic Volume (cc/mol): 6.7 Covalent Radius (pm): 116 Ionic Radius: 63 (3e) 72 (2e) Specific Heat (20Â °C J/g mol): 0.456 Fusion Heat (kJ/mol): 15.48 Evaporation Heat (kJ/mol): 389.1 Debye Temperature (K): 385.00 Pauling Negativity Number: 1.88 First Ionizing Energy (kJ/mol): 758.1 Oxidation States: 3, 2, 0, -1 Lattice Structure: Hexagonal Lattice Constant (Ã…): 2.510 CAS Registry Number: 7440-48-4 Cobalt Trivia Cobalt derived its name from German miners. They named cobalt ore after mischievous spirits called kobalds. Cobalt ores commonly contain the useful metals copper and nickel. The problem with cobalt ore is it usually contains arsenic as well. Attempts to smelt the copper and nickel typically failed and would often produce toxic arsenic oxide gases.The brilliant blue color cobalt gives to glass was originally attributed to bismuth. Bismuth is often found with cobalt. Cobalt was isolated by Swedish chemist, Georg Brandt who proved the coloring was due to cobalt.The isotope Co-60 is a strong gamma radiation source. It is used to sterilize food and medical supplies as well as radiation therapy in the treatment of cancer.Cobalt is a central atom in vitamin B-12.Cobalt is ferromagnetic. Cobalt magnets stay magnetic to the highest temperature of any other magnetic element.Cobalt has six oxidation states: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. The most common oxidation states are 2 and 3.The oldest cobalt col ored glass was found in Egypt dated between 1550-1292 B.C. Cobalt has an abundance of 25 mg/kg (or parts per million) in the Earths crust.Cobalt has an abundance of 2 x 10-5 mg/L in sea water.Cobalt is used in alloys to increase temperature stability and decrease corrosion. References: Los Alamos National Laboratory (2001), Crescent Chemical Company (2001), Langes Handbook of Chemistry (1952), CRC Handbook of Chemistry Physics (18th Ed.) International Atomic Energy Agency ENSDF database (Oct 2010) Return to the Periodic Table

Historical SAT Test Dates for 2014, 2013 and More

Historical SAT Test Dates for 2014, 2013 and More SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Historical test dates for the SAT are important for many accurate records. However, the College Board at this point doesn't maintain an easy database of SAT dates for 2014, 2013, 2012, 20, and so forth. We at PrepScholar have done the hard work to dig up the old records. See below! Note: if you are looking for future SAT test dates instead, look here! School Year of 2014-2015 The source for this year was Official College Board data. Test Date Normal Reg Late Reg Oct , 2014 Sep 12, 2014 Sep 26, 2014 Nov 1, 2014 Oct 3, 2014 Oct 17, 2014 Dec 6, 2014 Nov 7, 2014 Nov 21, 2014 Jan 24, 2015 Dec 26, 2014 Jan 9, 2015 Mar 7, 2015 Feb 6, 2015 Feb 20, 2015 May 2, 2015 Apr 3, 2015 Apr 17, 2015 Jun 6, 2015 May 8, 2015 May 22, 2015 School Year of 2013-2014 The source for this year was Official College Board data. Test Date Normal Reg Late Reg Oct 5, 2013 Sep 6, 2013 Sep 20, 2013 Nov 2, 2013 Oct 4, 2013 Oct 18, 2013 Dec 7, 2013 Nov 8, 2013 Nov 22, 2013 Jan 25, 2014 Dec 27, 2013 Jan 10, 2014 Mar 8, 2014 Feb 7, 2014 Feb 21, 2014 May 3, 2014 Apr 4, 2014 Apr 18, 2014 Jun 7, 2014 May 9, 2014 May 23, 2014 More Years Below! Found this article useful? Get a lot more helpful information with our Free SAT ebook! School Year of 2012-2013 The source for this year was Official College Board data. Test Date Normal Reg Late Reg Oct 6, 2012 Sep 7, 2012 Sep 21, 2012 Nov 3, 2012 Oct 4, 2012 Oct 19, 2012 Dec 1, 2012 Nov 1, 2012 Nov 16, 2012 Jan 26, 2013 Dec 28, 2012 Jan , 2013 Mar 9, 2013 Feb 8, 2013 Feb 22, 2013 May 4, 2013 Apr 5, 2013 Apr 19, 2013 Jun 1, 2013 May 2, 2013 May 17, 2013 School Year of 20-2012 The source for this year was a trusted institutional source secondarily based on Official College Board data. Test Date Normal Reg Late Reg Oct 1, 20 Sep 9, 20 Sep 21, 20 Nov 5, 20 Oct 7, 20 Oct 21, 20 Dec 3, 20 Nov 8, 20 Nov 20, 20 Jan 28, 2012 Dec 30, 2012 Jan 13, 2012 Mar 10, 2012 Feb 10, 2012 Feb 24, 2012 May 5, 2012 Apr 6, 2012 Apr 20, 2012 Jun 2, 2012 May 8, 2012 May 22, 2012 School Year of 2010-20 The source for this year was a trusted institutional source secondarily based on Official College Board data. Test Date Normal Reg Late Reg Oct 9, 2010 Sep 10, 2010 Sep 24, 2010 Nov 6, 2010 Oct 8, 2010 Oct 22, 2010 Dec 4, 2010 Nov 5, 2010 Nov 19, 2010 Jan 22, 20 Dec 23, 20 Jan 7, 20 Mar 12, 20 Feb , 20 Feb 25, 20 May 7, 20 Apr 8, 20 Apr 22, 20 Jun 4, 20 May 6, 20 May 20, 20 School Year of 2009-2010 The source for this year was a trusted secondary school institutional source secondarily based on Official College Board data. Test Date Normal Reg Late Reg Oct 10, 2009 Sep 9, 2009 Sep 23, 2009 Nov 7, 2009 Oct 1, 2009 Oct 15, 2009 Dec 5, 2009 Oct 30, 2009 Nov 12, 2009 Jan 23, 2010 Dec 15, 2009 Dec 30, 2009 Mar 13, 2010 Feb 4, 2010 Feb 18, 2010 May 1, 2010 Mar 25, 2010 Apr 8, 2010 Jun 5, 2010 Apr 29, 2010 May 13, 2010 School Year of 2008-2009 The source for this year was a trusted collegiate institutional source secondarily based on Official College Board data. Test Date Normal Reg Late Reg Oct 4, 2008 Sep 9, 2008 Sep 16, 2008 Nov 1, 2008 Sep 26, 2008 Oct 10, 2008 Dec 6, 2008 Nov 5, 2008 Nov 18, 2008 Jan 24, 2009 Dec 26, 2008 Jan6, 2009 Mar 14, 2009 Feb 10, 2009 Feb 24, 2009 May 2, 2009 Mar 31, 2009 Apr 9, 2009 Jun 6, 2009 May 5, 2009 May 15, 2009 How to Use These SAT Data These historical test days can help you with your application, and help you predict when future SAT test dates are. If you are planning to take the SAT again and want to improve, subscribe to our blog! Found this article useful? Get a lot more helpful with our Free SAT Ebook! Have friends who also need help with test prep? Share this article! Tweet Dr. Fred Zhang About the Author Fred is co-founder of PrepScholar. He scored a perfect score on the SAT and is passionate about sharing information with aspiring students. Fred graduated from Harvard University with a Bachelor's in Mathematics and a PhD in Economics. Get Free Guides to Boost Your SAT/ACT Get FREE EXCLUSIVE insider tips on how to ACE THE SAT/ACT. 100% Privacy. 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Information System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Information System - Essay Example and, (ii) information dissemination to patients about their treatment modules, scanning procedures, precautions, preventions, and costs of treatments. This essay discusses the usefulness of our hospital’s information system on our work as a nurse and on our clients, the patients. Over the last few decades the information technology has progressed by leaps and bounds. Along the technology has grown the number of IT solution providers, the large multinationals, medium and small, and those working in specialised niche areas. When selecting an IT product or application the big company is not necessarily the best. The wisdom instead lies in selecting a company which provide the best solution to a specific need, at a reasonable cost. The ‘best of breed’ approach is therefore a strategic approach to select the best product for each solution, from a variety of companies, instead of buying everything from one company. This approach invariably gives optimal solution in each area, richer functionality, and thus establishes business linkages with more companies. Our hospital therefore uses the ‘best of breed’ approach for development and functioning of its information system. The ‘best of breed’ approach is, however, beset with its own problems as compared to the approach of selecting integrated systems that provide multiple applications with a common database, integrated sharing, convenience, and consistent user interface. A comparison of the two approaches is worthwhile to find out the comparative value of the two approaches: (i) Cost: Specialized features of ‘Best of Breed’ applications provide competitive advantage which serve to cut costs and increase revenue. The systems’ advance features compensate for higher up-front and on-going costs as against the integrated systems which may have lower licensing costs, may not require costly interfaces, and overall may be less expensive. Shared data in integrated systems also reduces

The skeletal system Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The skeletal system - Essay Example The joints that connect a bone to another bone, a bone to a cartilage or a cartilage with another cartilage are important components of the skeletal system as they are responsible for the mobility of the human body (Skeletal system, n.d). A new born infant usually possess around 230 bones while a fully grown adult will approximately have about 206 bones. The human skeleton is divided into two major components namely the axial and appendicular skeleton. The axial portion comprises about 80 bones which include those in the skull, vertebral column and thoracic cage which comprise the axis of the body. The appendicular portion has about 126 bones, attached to the axial skeleton, which include the different appendages within the body and includes the shoulder girdle, skeletal portions of the upper and lower limb and the pelvic girdle (Skeletal system, n.d; Kulkarni, n.d; Anatomy of the bone, n.d). The human body consists of 5 types of bones which are classified based on their shape and function. These include the long bones whose length is greater than their width such as the limb bones, the short bones with approximately equal length and width include the carpals and tarsals, the flat bones which are attached to muscles s uch as the breast bone mainly protect body organs, the bones of the vertebral and mandibles are irregular in shape and the sesamoid bones which are small and present in the joints such as the knee cap provide protection to the tendons (Kulkarni, n.d; Types of bone, n.d; Anatomy of the bone, n.d).

Musical History And Societal Influences Music Essay

Musical History And Societal Influences Music Essay The definition of music is defined in many ways; Websters definition is as follows an art of sound in time that expresses ideas and emotions in significant forms through the elements of rhythm, melody, or harmony. There are many theories regarding when and where music formed. Many agree that music began even before man existed. Researchers point out that there are six periods of music and each period has a certain style of music that made what music is today. Here are some resources for you to better understand the history of music. (Estrella 2001) Music is traced back as far as ancient Israel a thousand years before Christ; King David composed and sang hundreds of songs called psalms. A few of them are written in the old testament in the book of Psalms. But music as we know it now, as having structure and form, may have begun in the 10th century with the Gregorian chants. These chants were organized and detailed with soloists and small groups singing distinctive parts. The music we are more in common with began around the year 1200 and soon after, troubadours singing folk music starting to appear in parts of Europe. In the 14th century, sacred music (church music and hymns) was quite common (but secular music had begun to take hold as well). During the renaissance (around the year 1500) one of the most significant events occurred-the birth of the composer. The appearance of composers, of course, spawned instrumental music and the creation of the instruments such as the piano and lute. (Ezine Articles 2005) The years 1750 to 1820 is considered the Classical period with the piano being a composers instrument of choice. During this time, Mozart wrote his first symphony, Bach performed in London, and Beethoven was born. Many of the symphonies we enjoy today were written during this time. Music has truly evolved since this period though. By 1900, a man named Scott Joplin had composed and published the Maple Leaf Rag, an event many see as the beginnings of the music we know today as popular music. Soon after, new musical forms were taking hold. Jazz in the 1930s (Louis Armstrong, Billie Holiday), big band music in the 1940s (Tommy Dorsey, Duke Ellington), and rock-and-roll (Elvis Presley, Chuck Barry) in the 1950s. Other countries (most notably France and Spain) were creating their own popular music during this time. (Ezine 2005) The three time periods I want to focus on is Medieval, Renaissance, Baroque, Classical, Romantic, and Contemporary. This is all known to us to day as Opera, RB, Rock, Hip Hop, Soul, etc. Music has been around for years and can be broken down into many stages or cycles. People everywhere all over the world make their own style of music. Ever genre, sound, melody is different in some way. When we look at the medieval music, we are dealing with the longest and most distant period of musical history. Saint Gregory is credited with organizing the huge repertory of chant that developed during the first centuries of the Christian church, hence the term Gregorian chant. He was pope from 590 to 604, and the medieval era continued into the 1400s, so this period consists of almost a millenniums worth of music. One of the principal difficulties in studying medieval music is that a system for notating music developed only gradually. The first examples of musical notation date from around 900. For several centuries, notation only indicated what pitch to sing. The system for notating rhythm started in the 12th or 13th century. Gregorian chant is monophonic, meaning music that consists of only one melodic line without accompaniment. The beauty of chant lies in the serene, undulating shapes of its melody. We do not know who wrote the melodies of Gregorian chant. Like folk melodies, the music probably mutated as it was passed down through generations and eventually reached its notated form. Polyphony, music where two or more melodic lines are heard simultaneously, did not exist (or was not notated) until the 11th century. Unlike chant, polyphony required the participation of a composer to combine the melodic lines in a pleasing manner. Although most medieval polyphonic music is anonymousthe names of the composers were either lost or never written down at allthere are composers whose work was so important that their names were preserved along with their music. (Ezine 2005) Renaissance is reflected by the changing role of the composer in society. Unlike most of their medieval times, the great masters of the Renaissance were created in their own lifetimes. The technique of printing music, while slow to evolve, helped in the preservation and distribution of music and musical ideas. Sacred music was still predominant, though other music became more prevalent and more sophisticated. The repertory of instrumental music also began to expand significantly. New instruments were invented, including the clavichord and virginal and many existing instruments were improved. Masses and motets were the primary forms of sacred vocal polyphony. Other vocal forms included motets, madrigals and songs (generally accompanied by lute or a small instrumental ensemble or consort). Instrumental pieces were usually short polyphonic works or music for dancing. (Ezine 2005) Compared with the medieval style, Renaissance polyphony was lush and sonorous. The era between Josquin Desprez and Palestrina is known as the golden age of polyphony. Imitationwhere one melodic line shares, or imitates the same musical theme as a previous melodic linebecame an important polyphonic technique. Imitation was one method composers used to make complex music more easily comprehensible and give the listener a sense of structure. Imitative polyphony can be heard in the masses and motets of composers from Josquin onward and is featured in instrumental music by Byrd, Gibbons, and the Gabriellis. Baroque music is often highly ornate, colorful and richly textured when compared with its predecessors. Opera was born at what is considered to be the very beginning of the Baroque era, around 1600. This unique form combines poetry, theater, the visual arts and music. It came about because a group of Italian intellectuals wanted to recapture the spirit of ancient Greek drama in which music played a key role. The first great opera was Orfeo, by Claudio Monteverdi, first performed in 1607. Musics ability to express human emotions and depict natural phenomenon was explored throughout the Baroque period. Vivaldis famous set of concertos, The Four Seasons, is a famous example. Although imitative polyphony remained fundamental to musical composition, homophonic writing became increasingly important. Homophonic music features a clear distinction between the melody line and a subsidiary accompaniment part. This style was important in opera and other solo vocal music because it focused the li steners attention on the expressive melody of the singer. The homophonic style gradually became prevalent in instrumental music as well. (Ezine 2005) Many Baroque works include a continuo part in which a keyboard (harpsichord or organ) and bass instrument (cello or bassoon) provide the harmonic underpinning of chords that accompanies the melodic line. New polyphonic forms were developed, and as in the Renaissance, composers considered the art of counterpoint (the crafting of polyphony) to be essential to their art. Canons and fugues, two very strict forms of imitative polyphony, were extremely popular. Composers were even expected to be able to improvise complex fugues on a moments notice to prove their skill. The orchestra evolved during the early Baroque, starting as an accompanist for operatic and vocal music. By the mid-1600s the orchestra had a life of its own. The concerto was a favorite Baroque form that featured a solo instrumentalist (or small ensemble of soloists) playing against the orchestra, creating interesting contrasts of volume and texture. Many Baroque composers were also virtuoso performers. For example, Archang elo Corelli was famous for his violin playing and Johann Sebastian Bach was famous for his keyboard skills. The highly ornamented quality of Baroque melody lent itself perfectly to such displays of musical dexterity. (Grieg 2002) The word Classical has strong meaning, mixed with the art and Philosophy of Ancient Greece and Rome, along with their ideals of disciplined expression. The late Braque was complex and melodically different. The composers of the early Classical period changed direction, writing music that was much simpler to understand. Homophony music, another part of classical music in which melody and charm are distinct, and has dominated the Classical style is another form of classical music. New forms of composition were developed to accommodate the transformation. Santana Form is the most important of these forms, and one that continued to evolve throughout the Classical period. Although Baroque composers also wrote pieces called sonatas, the Classical sonata was different. The essence of the Classical Sonata is difficult to understand. A highly simplified example of such a conflict might be between two themes of contrasting character. (Grieg 2002) This contrast would be found during the course of the sonata, and then resolved. Sonata form allowed composers to give pure instrumental music recognizable dramatic shape. Every major form of the Classical era, including the string quartet, symphony and concerto was molded on the dramatic structure of the sonata. One of the most important developments of the Classical period is the growth of the public concert. Although the aristocracy would continue to play a significant role in musical life, it was now possible for composers to survive without being the employee of one person or family. This also meant that concerts were no longer limited to palace drawing rooms. Composers organized concerts featuring their own music, and attracted large audiences. The increasing popularity of the public concert had a strong impact on the growth of the orchestra. Although chamber music and solo works were played in the home or other intimate settings, orchestral concerts seemed to be naturally designed for big public spaces. As a result, symphonic music composers gradually expanded the size of the orchestra to accommodate this expanded musical vision. (Grieg 2002) Just as the word Classical conjures up certain images, Romantic music also does the same. Whether we think of those romance novels with the Romanticism implies fantasy and sensuality. The Classical period focused on emotional restraint. Classical music was expressive, but not so passionate that it could overwhelm the work Beethoven, who was in some ways responsible for igniting the flame of romanticism, always struggled (sometimes unsuccessfully) to maintain that balance. (Greig 2002) Many composers of the Romantic period followed Beethovens model and found their own balance between emotional intensity and Classical form. Others reveled in the new atmosphere of artistic freedom and created music whose structure was designed to support its emotional surges. Musical story-telling became important, and not just in opera, but in pure instrumental music as well. The tone-poem is a particularly Romantic invention, as it was an orchestral work whose structure was entirely dependent on the scene being depicted or the story being told. Color was another important feature of Romantic music. A large palette of musical colors was necessary to depict the exotic scenes that became so popular. In addition to seeking out the sights and sounds of other places, composers began exploring the music of their native countries. Nationalism became a driving force in the late Romantic period and composers wanted their music to express their cultural identity. This desire was particularly intense in Russia and Eastern Europe, where elements of folk music were incorporated into symphonies, tone-poems and other Classical forms. (Wagner 1999) The Romantic period was the days of the virtuoso. Gifted performers and particularly pianists, violinists, and singers became enormously popular. Liszt, the great Hungarian pianist/composer, reportedly played with such passion and intensity that woman in the audience would faint. Since, like Liszt, most composers were also virtuoso performers, it was inevitable that the music they wrote would be extremely challenging to play. The Romantic period witnessed a glorification of the artist whether musician, poet or painter that has had a powerful impact on our own culture. (Wagner 1999) This style of music became known as being romantic. The evolution of music is at least partly shaped by the influence one composer has on another. These influences are not always positive, however. Sometimes composers react against the music of their recent past (even though they might admire it) and move in what seems to be the opposite direction. For example, the simplified style of the early Classical period was almost certainly a reaction to the extreme intricacies of the late Baroque. The late Romantic period featured its own extremes: sprawling symphonies and tone-poems overflowing with music that seemed to stretch harmony and melody to their limits. It is certainly possible to view some early 20th century music as an extension of the late Romantic style, but a great deal of it can also be interpreted as a reaction against that style. 20th century music is a series of isms and neo-isms. The primal energy of Stravinskys Rite of Spring has been called neo-Primitivism. The intensely emotional tone of Schà ¶nbergs early music has b een labeled Expressionism. The return to clearly structured forms and textures has been dubbed neo-Classicism. (R. Strauss) These terms have been employed in an attempt to organize the diversity of styles running through the 20th century. Nationalism continued to be a strong musical influence in the first half of the century. The study of folk songs enriched the music of numerous composers, such as Ralph Vaughan Williams (England), Bela Bartok (Hungary), Heitor Villa Lobos (Brazil) and Aaron Copland (USA). Jazz and popular musical styles have also been tremendously influential on classical composers from both the United States and Europe. Technology has played a increasingly important role in the development of 20th century music. Composers have used recording tape as a compositional tool (such as Steve Reichs Violin Phase). Electronically generated sounds have been used both on their own and in combination with traditional instruments. More recently, computer technology has been used in a variety of ways, including manipulating the performance of instruments in real time. (R. Strauss) So as you can see, music has been around for centuries. Many people have helped music evolve over the years. The six long periods of music that were discussed above really helped music become what is today. Although each individual listen to various types of music they all started the same, with either a rhythm or beat. Music was originated long before humans even existed and grew from there. Music in general has made the world a better place. It gives people a way to express themselves. Music has been called The International Language; a very simple thought with much meaning behind it. Even if you cant speak the language of a country, you can move, sway, dance and most of all enjoy the music of the country. We may not understand the words of a musical selection but we do understand the beauty. (Ruth 2008) Musics interconnection with society can be seen throughout history. Every known culture on the earth has music. Music seems to be one of the basic actions of humans. However, early music was not handed down from generation to generation or recorded. Hence, there is no official record of prehistoric music. Even so, there is evidence of prehistoric music from the findings of flutes carved from bones. The influence of music on society can be clearly seen from modern history. Music helped Thomas Jefferson write the Declaration of Independence. When he could not figure out the right wording for a certain part, he would play his violin to help him. The music helped him get the words from his brain onto the paper. In general, responses to music are able to be observed. It has been proven that music influences humans both in good and bad ways. These effects are instant and long lasting. Music is thought to link all of the emotional, spiritual, and physical elements of the universe. Music can also be used to change a persons mood, and has been found to cause like physical responses in many people simultaneously. Music also has the ability to strengthen or weaken emotions from a particular event such as a funeral. People perceive and respond to music in different ways. The level of musicianship of the performer and the listener as well as the manner in which a piece is performed affects the experience of music. An experienced and accomplished musician might hear and feel a piece of music in a totally different way than a non-musician or beginner. This is why two accounts of the same piece of music can contradict themselves. (ODonnell 2001) According to The Center for New Discoveries in Learning, learning potential can be increased a minimum of five times by using this 60 beats per minute music. For example, the ancient Greeks sang their dramas because they understood how music could help them remember more easily). A renowned Bulgarian psychologist, Dr. George Lozanov, designed a way to teach foreign languages in a fraction of the normal learning time. Using his system, students could learn up to one half of the vocabulary and phrases for the whole school term (which amounts to almost 1,000 words or phrases) in one day. Along with this, the average retention rate of his students was 92%. Dr. Lozanovs system involved using certain classical music pieces from the baroque period which have around a 60 beats per minute pattern. He has proven that foreign languages can be learned with 85-100% efficiency in only thirty days by using these baroque pieces. His students had a recall accuracy rate of almost 100% even after not r eviewing the material for four years. The article above discusses how the history of music not only helped human beings but impacted their lives greatly to where we learn better and think better. (ODonnell 2001)

When people become very angry, they are said to be operating from their `dinosaur brain`

It has been said that the thing that sets human beings apart from all the other creatures in the animal kingdom is the fact that human beings have the ability for discernment and for logical thinking. In times were animals would be ruled by impulse and instinct, human beings are able to control these urges to a certain extent. As beings capable of suppressing baser instincts and impulses, human beings are expected to be above such primal instincts.It is for this reason that people who are very angry or emotional and give in to such baser instincts are said to be operating from their â€Å"dinosaur brains. † It is not to say of course that operating from one’s dinosaur brain means that one is also capacitated with the same intellectual capacity as that of those prehistoric animals. Dinosaurs were creatures that had smaller brains than today’s creatures and as such their thinking had not evolved to the same extent.This means that these animals only followed the bas ic instincts such as eating, mating and sleeping, offshoots of which are aggression in certain cases in order to preserve and protect. Therefore, any person who is operating from their dinosaur brain is simply exercising the functions that dinosaurs used to use in the underdeveloped brains. Feelings such as anger and hunger become the ruling considerations and logic is never part of the equation.

The History of Deodorants and Antiperspirants

Mum deodorant is generally recognized as being the first-ever commercial deodorant... but we dont actually know who invented it.    Mum Deodorant Before the advent of deodorant, people generally battled their offensive smells by masking them with perfumes (a practice dating to the Ancient Egyptians and Greeks).  That changed when Mum deodorant came onto the scene in 1888. Unfortunately, we dont actually know whom to thank for saving us all from our stink, as the inventors name has been lost. All we know is that this Philadelphia-based inventor trademarked his invention and distributed it through his nurse under the name of Mum.   Mum also had very little in common with the deodorants found in drugstores today. Unlike todays roll-on, stick or aerosol deodorants, the zinc-based Mum deodorant was originally sold as a cream applied to the underarms by the fingers.    In the late 1940s, Helen Barnett Diserens joined the Mum production team. A suggestion by a colleague inspired Helen to develop an underarm deodorant based on the same principle as a newfangled invention called the  ballpoint pen. This new type of deodorant applicator was tested in the USA in 1952, and marketed under the name of Ban Roll-On. The First Antiperspirant Deodorants can take care of smells, but theyre not as effective at taking care of excessive sweating. Fortunately, the first antiperspirant came onto the scene just 15 years: Everdry, which launched in 1903, used aluminum salts to block pores and inhibit sweating. These early antiperspirants caused skin irritation, however, and in 1941 Jules Montenier patented a more modern formulation of antiperspirant that reduced irritation, and which hit the market as Stopette. The first antiperspirant aerosol deodorant was launched in 1965. However, antiperspirant sprays lost popularity due to health and environmental concerns, and today stick deodorants and antiperspirants are most popular.

Predicting Fall Color and Autumn Leaf Display

University of Georgia silvics professor, Dr. Kim Coder, suggests there are ways to predict how beautiful a fall color and autumn leaf display will be. Key predictors are used along with a good mix of common sense and can forecast the quality of a viewing season with surprising accuracy. Leaf Volume The fall season should start with substantial leaf volume. The more leaves attached to trees entering the color season means more to look at. Droughty summer weather conditions can limit that volume but a wet summer can set up disease and insects. You hope for a moderately dry summer. Health Healthy leaves not only present quality viewable leaf surfaces to look at but vigorous leaves stay attached to trees longer. Pest and environmental problems can damage and disrupt leaf surfaces so much that they can actually detract from a quality viewing season. Increased pests can be a factor of both weather and temperature during the summer growing season. Temperature and Precipitation Cool night temperatures with no freezes or frosts and cool, bright, unclouded sunny days will enhance the leaf color change. Slightly dry conditions in the last half of the growing season and on into the fall have a positive effect. Here are the conditions Dr. Coder says contribute to a poor season: Fall rain fronts and long overcast periods diminish color presentation. So do strong wind storms that blow the leaves from the trees. Wet and humid growing seasons lead to many leaf infections and premature leaf abscission. Freezing temperature and hard frosts stop color formation dead. Get Organized A true leaf-peeper will keep accurate annual records of peak color days over the past decade. Peak color day dates tend to repeat themselves over time.